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// Backbone.js 1.5.0
// (c) 2010-2022 Jeremy Ashkenas and DocumentCloud
// Backbone may be freely distributed under the MIT license.
// For all details and documentation:
// http://backbonejs.org
(function(factory) {
// Establish the root object, `window` (`self`) in the browser, or `global` on the server.
// We use `self` instead of `window` for `WebWorker` support.
var root = typeof self == 'object' && self.self === self && self ||
typeof global == 'object' && global.global === global && global;
// Set up Backbone appropriately for the environment. Start with AMD.
if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) {
define(['underscore', 'jquery', 'exports'], function(_, $, exports) {
// Export global even in AMD case in case this script is loaded with
// others that may still expect a global Backbone.
root.Backbone = factory(root, exports, _, $);
});
// Next for Node.js or CommonJS. jQuery may not be needed as a module.
} else if (typeof exports !== 'undefined') {
var _ = require('underscore'), $;
try { $ = require('jquery'); } catch (e) {}
factory(root, exports, _, $);
// Finally, as a browser global.
} else {
root.Backbone = factory(root, {}, root._, root.jQuery || root.Zepto || root.ender || root.$);
}
})(function(root, Backbone, _, $) {
// Initial Setup
// -------------
// Save the previous value of the `Backbone` variable, so that it can be
// restored later on, if `noConflict` is used.
var previousBackbone = root.Backbone;
// Create a local reference to a common array method we'll want to use later.
var slice = Array.prototype.slice;
// Current version of the library. Keep in sync with `package.json`.
Backbone.VERSION = '1.5.0';
// For Backbone's purposes, jQuery, Zepto, Ender, or My Library (kidding) owns
// the `$` variable.
Backbone.$ = $;
// Runs Backbone.js in *noConflict* mode, returning the `Backbone` variable
// to its previous owner. Returns a reference to this Backbone object.
Backbone.noConflict = function() {
root.Backbone = previousBackbone;
return this;
};
// Turn on `emulateHTTP` to support legacy HTTP servers. Setting this option
// will fake `"PATCH"`, `"PUT"` and `"DELETE"` requests via the `_method` parameter and
// set a `X-Http-Method-Override` header.
Backbone.emulateHTTP = false;
// Turn on `emulateJSON` to support legacy servers that can't deal with direct
// `application/json` requests ... this will encode the body as
// `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` instead and will send the model in a
// form param named `model`.
Backbone.emulateJSON = false;
// Backbone.Events
// ---------------
// A module that can be mixed in to *any object* in order to provide it with
// a custom event channel. You may bind a callback to an event with `on` or
// remove with `off`; `trigger`-ing an event fires all callbacks in
// succession.
//
// var object = {};
// _.extend(object, Backbone.Events);
// object.on('expand', function(){ alert('expanded'); });
// object.trigger('expand');
//
var Events = Backbone.Events = {};
// Regular expression used to split event strings.
var eventSplitter = /\s+/;
// A private global variable to share between listeners and listenees.
var _listening;
// Iterates over the standard `event, callback` (as well as the fancy multiple
// space-separated events `"change blur", callback` and jQuery-style event
// maps `{event: callback}`).
var eventsApi = function(iteratee, events, name, callback, opts) {
var i = 0, names;
if (name && typeof name === 'object') {
// Handle event maps.
if (callback !== void 0 && 'context' in opts && opts.context === void 0) opts.context = callback;
for (names = _.keys(name); i < names.length ; i++) {
events = eventsApi(iteratee, events, names[i], name[names[i]], opts);
}
} else if (name && eventSplitter.test(name)) {
// Handle space-separated event names by delegating them individually.
for (names = name.split(eventSplitter); i < names.length; i++) {
events = iteratee(events, names[i], callback, opts);
}
} else {
// Finally, standard events.
events = iteratee(events, name, callback, opts);
}
return events;
};
// Bind an event to a `callback` function. Passing `"all"` will bind
// the callback to all events fired.
Events.on = function(name, callback, context) {
this._events = eventsApi(onApi, this._events || {}, name, callback, {
context: context,
ctx: this,
listening: _listening
});
if (_listening) {
var listeners = this._listeners || (this._listeners = {});
listeners[_listening.id] = _listening;
// Allow the listening to use a counter, instead of tracking
// callbacks for library interop
_listening.interop = false;
}
return this;
};
// Inversion-of-control versions of `on`. Tell *this* object to listen to
// an event in another object... keeping track of what it's listening to
// for easier unbinding later.
Events.listenTo = function(obj, name, callback) {
if (!obj) return this;
var id = obj._listenId || (obj._listenId = _.uniqueId('l'));
var listeningTo = this._listeningTo || (this._listeningTo = {});
var listening = _listening = listeningTo[id];
// This object is not listening to any other events on `obj` yet.
// Setup the necessary references to track the listening callbacks.
if (!listening) {
this._listenId || (this._listenId = _.uniqueId('l'));
listening = _listening = listeningTo[id] = new Listening(this, obj);
}
// Bind callbacks on obj.
var error = tryCatchOn(obj, name, callback, this);
_listening = void 0;
if (error) throw error;
// If the target obj is not Backbone.Events, track events manually.
if (listening.interop) listening.on(name, callback);
return this;
};
// The reducing API that adds a callback to the `events` object.
var onApi = function(events, name, callback, options) {
if (callback) {
var handlers = events[name] || (events[name] = []);
var context = options.context, ctx = options.ctx, listening = options.listening;
if (listening) listening.count++;
handlers.push({callback: callback, context: context, ctx: context || ctx, listening: listening});
}
return events;
};
// An try-catch guarded #on function, to prevent poisoning the global
// `_listening` variable.
var tryCatchOn = function(obj, name, callback, context) {
try {
obj.on(name, callback, context);
} catch (e) {
return e;
}
};
// Remove one or many callbacks. If `context` is null, removes all
// callbacks with that function. If `callback` is null, removes all
// callbacks for the event. If `name` is null, removes all bound
// callbacks for all events.
Events.off = function(name, callback, context) {
if (!this._events) return this;
this._events = eventsApi(offApi, this._events, name, callback, {
context: context,
listeners: this._listeners
});
return this;
};
// Tell this object to stop listening to either specific events ... or
// to every object it's currently listening to.
Events.stopListening = function(obj, name, callback) {
var listeningTo = this._listeningTo;
if (!listeningTo) return this;
var ids = obj ? [obj._listenId] : _.keys(listeningTo);
for (var i = 0; i < ids.length; i++) {
var listening = listeningTo[ids[i]];
// If listening doesn't exist, this object is not currently
// listening to obj. Break out early.
if (!listening) break;
listening.obj.off(name, callback, this);
if (listening.interop) listening.off(name, callback);
}
if (_.isEmpty(listeningTo)) this._listeningTo = void 0;
return this;
};
// The reducing API that removes a callback from the `events` object.
var offApi = function(events, name, callback, options) {
if (!events) return;
var context = options.context, listeners = options.listeners;
var i = 0, names;
// Delete all event listeners and "drop" events.
if (!name && !context && !callback) {
for (names = _.keys(listeners); i < names.length; i++) {
listeners[names[i]].cleanup();
}
return;
}
names = name ? [name] : _.keys(events);
for (; i < names.length; i++) {
name = names[i];
var handlers = events[name];
// Bail out if there are no events stored.
if (!handlers) break;
// Find any remaining events.
var remaining = [];
for (var j = 0; j < handlers.length; j++) {
var handler = handlers[j];
if (
callback && callback !== handler.callback &&
callback !== handler.callback._callback ||
context && context !== handler.context
) {
remaining.push(handler);
} else {
var listening = handler.listening;
if (listening) listening.off(name, callback);
}
}
// Replace events if there are any remaining. Otherwise, clean up.
if (remaining.length) {
events[name] = remaining;
} else {
delete events[name];
}
}
return events;
};
// Bind an event to only be triggered a single time. After the first time
// the callback is invoked, its listener will be removed. If multiple events
// are passed in using the space-separated syntax, the handler will fire
// once for each event, not once for a combination of all events.
Events.once = function(name, callback, context) {
// Map the event into a `{event: once}` object.
var events = eventsApi(onceMap, {}, name, callback, this.off.bind(this));
if (typeof name === 'string' && context == null) callback = void 0;
return this.on(events, callback, context);
};
// Inversion-of-control versions of `once`.
Events.listenToOnce = function(obj, name, callback) {
// Map the event into a `{event: once}` object.
var events = eventsApi(onceMap, {}, name, callback, this.stopListening.bind(this, obj));
return this.listenTo(obj, events);
};
// Reduces the event callbacks into a map of `{event: onceWrapper}`.
// `offer` unbinds the `onceWrapper` after it has been called.
var onceMap = function(map, name, callback, offer) {
if (callback) {
var once = map[name] = _.once(function() {
offer(name, once);
callback.apply(this, arguments);
});
once._callback = callback;
}
return map;
};
// Trigger one or many events, firing all bound callbacks. Callbacks are
// passed the same arguments as `trigger` is, apart from the event name
// (unless you're listening on `"all"`, which will cause your callback to
// receive the true name of the event as the first argument).
Events.trigger = function(name) {
if (!this._events) return this;
var length = Math.max(0, arguments.length - 1);
var args = Array(length);
for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) args[i] = arguments[i + 1];
eventsApi(triggerApi, this._events, name, void 0, args);
return this;
};
// Handles triggering the appropriate event callbacks.
var triggerApi = function(objEvents, name, callback, args) {
if (objEvents) {
var events = objEvents[name];
var allEvents = objEvents.all;
if (events && allEvents) allEvents = allEvents.slice();
if (events) triggerEvents(events, args);
if (allEvents) triggerEvents(allEvents, [name].concat(args));
}
return objEvents;
};
// A difficult-to-believe, but optimized internal dispatch function for
// triggering events. Tries to keep the usual cases speedy (most internal
// Backbone events have 3 arguments).
var triggerEvents = function(events, args) {
var ev, i = -1, l = events.length, a1 = args[0], a2 = args[1], a3 = args[2];
switch (args.length) {
case 0: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx); return;
case 1: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1); return;
case 2: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1, a2); return;
case 3: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1, a2, a3); return;
default: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.apply(ev.ctx, args); return;
}
};
// A listening class that tracks and cleans up memory bindings
// when all callbacks have been offed.
var Listening = function(listener, obj) {
this.id = listener._listenId;
this.listener = listener;
this.obj = obj;
this.interop = true;
this.count = 0;
this._events = void 0;
};
Listening.prototype.on = Events.on;
// Offs a callback (or several).
// Uses an optimized counter if the listenee uses Backbone.Events.
// Otherwise, falls back to manual tracking to support events
// library interop.
Listening.prototype.off = function(name, callback) {
var cleanup;
if (this.interop) {
this._events = eventsApi(offApi, this._events, name, callback, {
context: void 0,
listeners: void 0
});
cleanup = !this._events;
} else {
this.count--;
cleanup = this.count === 0;
}
if (cleanup) this.cleanup();
};
// Cleans up memory bindings between the listener and the listenee.
Listening.prototype.cleanup = function() {
delete this.listener._listeningTo[this.obj._listenId];
if (!this.interop) delete this.obj._listeners[this.id];
};
// Aliases for backwards compatibility.
Events.bind = Events.on;
Events.unbind = Events.off;
// Allow the `Backbone` object to serve as a global event bus, for folks who
// want global "pubsub" in a convenient place.
_.extend(Backbone, Events);
// Backbone.Model
// --------------
// Backbone **Models** are the basic data object in the framework --
// frequently representing a row in a table in a database on your server.
// A discrete chunk of data and a bunch of useful, related methods for
// performing computations and transformations on that data.
// Create a new model with the specified attributes. A client id (`cid`)
// is automatically generated and assigned for you.
var Model = Backbone.Model = function(attributes, options) {
var attrs = attributes || {};
options || (options = {});
this.preinitialize.apply(this, arguments);
this.cid = _.uniqueId(this.cidPrefix);
this.attributes = {};
if (options.collection) this.collection = options.collection;
if (options.parse) attrs = this.parse(attrs, options) || {};
var defaults = _.result(this, 'defaults');
// Just _.defaults would work fine, but the additional _.extends
// is in there for historical reasons. See #3843.
attrs = _.defaults(_.extend({}, defaults, attrs), defaults);
this.set(attrs, options);
this.changed = {};
this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
};
// Attach all inheritable methods to the Model prototype.
_.extend(Model.prototype, Events, {
// A hash of attributes whose current and previous value differ.
changed: null,
// The value returned during the last failed validation.
validationError: null,
// The default name for the JSON `id` attribute is `"id"`. MongoDB and
// CouchDB users may want to set this to `"_id"`.
idAttribute: 'id',
// The prefix is used to create the client id which is used to identify models locally.
// You may want to override this if you're experiencing name clashes with model ids.
cidPrefix: 'c',
// preinitialize is an empty function by default. You can override it with a function
// or object. preinitialize will run before any instantiation logic is run in the Model.
preinitialize: function(){},
// Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
// initialization logic.
initialize: function(){},
// Return a copy of the model's `attributes` object.
toJSON: function(options) {
return _.clone(this.attributes);
},
// Proxy `Backbone.sync` by default -- but override this if you need
// custom syncing semantics for *this* particular model.
sync: function() {
return Backbone.sync.apply(this, arguments);
},
// Get the value of an attribute.
get: function(attr) {
return this.attributes[attr];
},
// Get the HTML-escaped value of an attribute.
escape: function(attr) {
return _.escape(this.get(attr));
},
// Returns `true` if the attribute contains a value that is not null
// or undefined.
has: function(attr) {
return this.get(attr) != null;
},
// Special-cased proxy to underscore's `_.matches` method.
matches: function(attrs) {
return !!_.iteratee(attrs, this)(this.attributes);
},
// Set a hash of model attributes on the object, firing `"change"`. This is
// the core primitive operation of a model, updating the data and notifying
// anyone who needs to know about the change in state. The heart of the beast.
set: function(key, val, options) {
if (key == null) return this;
// Handle both `"key", value` and `{key: value}` -style arguments.
var attrs;
if (typeof key === 'object') {
attrs = key;
options = val;
} else {
(attrs = {})[key] = val;
}
options || (options = {});
// Run validation.
if (!this._validate(attrs, options)) return false;
// Extract attributes and options.
var unset = options.unset;
var silent = options.silent;
var changes = [];
var changing = this._changing;
this._changing = true;
if (!changing) {
this._previousAttributes = _.clone(this.attributes);
this.changed = {};
}
var current = this.attributes;
var changed = this.changed;
var prev = this._previousAttributes;
// For each `set` attribute, update or delete the current value.
for (var attr in attrs) {
val = attrs[attr];
if (!_.isEqual(current[attr], val)) changes.push(attr);
if (!_.isEqual(prev[attr], val)) {
changed[attr] = val;
} else {
delete changed[attr];
}
unset ? delete current[attr] : current[attr] = val;
}
// Update the `id`.
if (this.idAttribute in attrs) {
var prevId = this.id;
this.id = this.get(this.idAttribute);
this.trigger('changeId', this, prevId, options);
}
// Trigger all relevant attribute changes.
if (!silent) {
if (changes.length) this._pending = options;
for (var i = 0; i < changes.length; i++) {
this.trigger('change:' + changes[i], this, current[changes[i]], options);
}
}
// You might be wondering why there's a `while` loop here. Changes can
// be recursively nested within `"change"` events.
if (changing) return this;
if (!silent) {
while (this._pending) {
options = this._pending;
this._pending = false;
this.trigger('change', this, options);
}
}
this._pending = false;
this._changing = false;
return this;
},
// Remove an attribute from the model, firing `"change"`. `unset` is a noop
// if the attribute doesn't exist.
unset: function(attr, options) {
return this.set(attr, void 0, _.extend({}, options, {unset: true}));
},
// Clear all attributes on the model, firing `"change"`.
clear: function(options) {
var attrs = {};
for (var key in this.attributes) attrs[key] = void 0;
return this.set(attrs, _.extend({}, options, {unset: true}));
},
// Determine if the model has changed since the last `"change"` event.
// If you specify an attribute name, determine if that attribute has changed.
hasChanged: function(attr) {
if (attr == null) return !_.isEmpty(this.changed);
return _.has(this.changed, attr);
},
// Return an object containing all the attributes that have changed, or
// false if there are no changed attributes. Useful for determining what
// parts of a view need to be updated and/or what attributes need to be
// persisted to the server. Unset attributes will be set to undefined.
// You can also pass an attributes object to diff against the model,
// determining if there *would be* a change.
changedAttributes: function(diff) {
if (!diff) return this.hasChanged() ? _.clone(this.changed) : false;
var old = this._changing ? this._previousAttributes : this.attributes;
var changed = {};
var hasChanged;
for (var attr in diff) {
var val = diff[attr];
if (_.isEqual(old[attr], val)) continue;
changed[attr] = val;
hasChanged = true;
}
return hasChanged ? changed : false;
},
// Get the previous value of an attribute, recorded at the time the last
// `"change"` event was fired.
previous: function(attr) {
if (attr == null || !this._previousAttributes) return null;
return this._previousAttributes[attr];
},
// Get all of the attributes of the model at the time of the previous
// `"change"` event.
previousAttributes: function() {
return _.clone(this._previousAttributes);
},
// Fetch the model from the server, merging the response with the model's
// local attributes. Any changed attributes will trigger a "change" event.
fetch: function(options) {
options = _.extend({parse: true}, options);
var model = this;
var success = options.success;
options.success = function(resp) {
var serverAttrs = options.parse ? model.parse(resp, options) : resp;
if (!model.set(serverAttrs, options)) return false;
if (success) success.call(options.context, model, resp, options);
model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options);
};
wrapError(this, options);
return this.sync('read', this, options);
},
// Set a hash of model attributes, and sync the model to the server.
// If the server returns an attributes hash that differs, the model's
// state will be `set` again.
save: function(key, val, options) {
// Handle both `"key", value` and `{key: value}` -style arguments.
var attrs;
if (key == null || typeof key === 'object') {
attrs = key;
options = val;
} else {
(attrs = {})[key] = val;
}
options = _.extend({validate: true, parse: true}, options);
var wait = options.wait;
// If we're not waiting and attributes exist, save acts as
// `set(attr).save(null, opts)` with validation. Otherwise, check if
// the model will be valid when the attributes, if any, are set.
if (attrs && !wait) {
if (!this.set(attrs, options)) return false;
} else if (!this._validate(attrs, options)) {
return false;
}
// After a successful server-side save, the client is (optionally)
// updated with the server-side state.
var model = this;
var success = options.success;
var attributes = this.attributes;
options.success = function(resp) {
// Ensure attributes are restored during synchronous saves.
model.attributes = attributes;
var serverAttrs = options.parse ? model.parse(resp, options) : resp;
if (wait) serverAttrs = _.extend({}, attrs, serverAttrs);
if (serverAttrs && !model.set(serverAttrs, options)) return false;
if (success) success.call(options.context, model, resp, options);
model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options);
};
wrapError(this, options);
// Set temporary attributes if `{wait: true}` to properly find new ids.
if (attrs && wait) this.attributes = _.extend({}, attributes, attrs);
var method = this.isNew() ? 'create' : options.patch ? 'patch' : 'update';
if (method === 'patch' && !options.attrs) options.attrs = attrs;
var xhr = this.sync(method, this, options);
// Restore attributes.
this.attributes = attributes;
return xhr;
},
// Destroy this model on the server if it was already persisted.
// Optimistically removes the model from its collection, if it has one.
// If `wait: true` is passed, waits for the server to respond before removal.
destroy: function(options) {
options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
var model = this;
var success = options.success;
var wait = options.wait;
var destroy = function() {
model.stopListening();
model.trigger('destroy', model, model.collection, options);
};
options.success = function(resp) {
if (wait) destroy();
if (success) success.call(options.context, model, resp, options);
if (!model.isNew()) model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options);
};
var xhr = false;
if (this.isNew()) {
_.defer(options.success);
} else {
wrapError(this, options);
xhr = this.sync('delete', this, options);
}
if (!wait) destroy();
return xhr;
},
// Default URL for the model's representation on the server -- if you're
// using Backbone's restful methods, override this to change the endpoint
// that will be called.
url: function() {
var base =
_.result(this, 'urlRoot') ||
_.result(this.collection, 'url') ||
urlError();
if (this.isNew()) return base;
var id = this.get(this.idAttribute);
return base.replace(/[^\/]$/, '$&/') + encodeURIComponent(id);
},
// **parse** converts a response into the hash of attributes to be `set` on
// the model. The default implementation is just to pass the response along.
parse: function(resp, options) {
return resp;
},
// Create a new model with identical attributes to this one.
clone: function() {
return new this.constructor(this.attributes);
},
// A model is new if it has never been saved to the server, and lacks an id.
isNew: function() {
return !this.has(this.idAttribute);
},
// Check if the model is currently in a valid state.
isValid: function(options) {
return this._validate({}, _.extend({}, options, {validate: true}));
},
// Run validation against the next complete set of model attributes,
// returning `true` if all is well. Otherwise, fire an `"invalid"` event.
_validate: function(attrs, options) {
if (!options.validate || !this.validate) return true;
attrs = _.extend({}, this.attributes, attrs);
var error = this.validationError = this.validate(attrs, options) || null;
if (!error) return true;
this.trigger('invalid', this, error, _.extend(options, {validationError: error}));
return false;
}
});
// Backbone.Collection
// -------------------
// If models tend to represent a single row of data, a Backbone Collection is
// more analogous to a table full of data ... or a small slice or page of that
// table, or a collection of rows that belong together for a particular reason
// -- all of the messages in this particular folder, all of the documents
// belonging to this particular author, and so on. Collections maintain
// indexes of their models, both in order, and for lookup by `id`.
// Create a new **Collection**, perhaps to contain a specific type of `model`.
// If a `comparator` is specified, the Collection will maintain
// its models in sort order, as they're added and removed.
var Collection = Backbone.Collection = function(models, options) {
options || (options = {});
this.preinitialize.apply(this, arguments);
if (options.model) this.model = options.model;
if (options.comparator !== void 0) this.comparator = options.comparator;
this._reset();
this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
if (models) this.reset(models, _.extend({silent: true}, options));
};
// Default options for `Collection#set`.
var setOptions = {add: true, remove: true, merge: true};
var addOptions = {add: true, remove: false};
// Splices `insert` into `array` at index `at`.
var splice = function(array, insert, at) {
at = Math.min(Math.max(at, 0), array.length);
var tail = Array(array.length - at);
var length = insert.length;
var i;
for (i = 0; i < tail.length; i++) tail[i] = array[i + at];
for (i = 0; i < length; i++) array[i + at] = insert[i];
for (i = 0; i < tail.length; i++) array[i + length + at] = tail[i];
};
// Define the Collection's inheritable methods.
_.extend(Collection.prototype, Events, {
// The default model for a collection is just a **Backbone.Model**.
// This should be overridden in most cases.
model: Model,
// preinitialize is an empty function by default. You can override it with a function
// or object. preinitialize will run before any instantiation logic is run in the Collection.
preinitialize: function(){},
// Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
// initialization logic.
initialize: function(){},
// The JSON representation of a Collection is an array of the
// models' attributes.
toJSON: function(options) {
return this.map(function(model) { return model.toJSON(options); });
},
// Proxy `Backbone.sync` by default.
sync: function() {
return Backbone.sync.apply(this, arguments);
},
// Add a model, or list of models to the set. `models` may be Backbone
// Models or raw JavaScript objects to be converted to Models, or any
// combination of the two.
add: function(models, options) {
return this.set(models, _.extend({merge: false}, options, addOptions));
},
// Remove a model, or a list of models from the set.
remove: function(models, options) {
options = _.extend({}, options);
var singular = !_.isArray(models);
models = singular ? [models] : models.slice();
var removed = this._removeModels(models, options);
if (!options.silent && removed.length) {
options.changes = {added: [], merged: [], removed: removed};
this.trigger('update', this, options);
}
return singular ? removed[0] : removed;
},
// Update a collection by `set`-ing a new list of models, adding new ones,
// removing models that are no longer present, and merging models that
// already exist in the collection, as necessary. Similar to **Model#set**,
// the core operation for updating the data contained by the collection.
set: function(models, options) {
if (models == null) return;
options = _.extend({}, setOptions, options);
if (options.parse && !this._isModel(models)) {
models = this.parse(models, options) || [];
}
var singular = !_.isArray(models);
models = singular ? [models] : models.slice();
var at = options.at;
if (at != null) at = +at;
if (at > this.length) at = this.length;
if (at < 0) at += this.length + 1;
var set = [];
var toAdd = [];
var toMerge = [];
var toRemove = [];
var modelMap = {};
var add = options.add;
var merge = options.merge;
var remove = options.remove;
var sort = false;
var sortable = this.comparator && at == null && options.sort !== false;
var sortAttr = _.isString(this.comparator) ? this.comparator : null;
// Turn bare objects into model references, and prevent invalid models
// from being added.
var model, i;
for (i = 0; i < models.length; i++) {
model = models[i];
// If a duplicate is found, prevent it from being added and
// optionally merge it into the existing model.
var existing = this.get(model);
if (existing) {
if (merge && model !== existing) {
var attrs = this._isModel(model) ? model.attributes : model;
if (options.parse) attrs = existing.parse(attrs, options);
existing.set(attrs, options);
toMerge.push(existing);
if (sortable && !sort) sort = existing.hasChanged(sortAttr);
}
if (!modelMap[existing.cid]) {
modelMap[existing.cid] = true;
set.push(existing);
}
models[i] = existing;
// If this is a new, valid model, push it to the `toAdd` list.
} else if (add) {
model = models[i] = this._prepareModel(model, options);
if (model) {
toAdd.push(model);
this._addReference(model, options);
modelMap[model.cid] = true;
set.push(model);
}
}
}
// Remove stale models.
if (remove) {
for (i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
model = this.models[i];
if (!modelMap[model.cid]) toRemove.push(model);
}
if (toRemove.length) this._removeModels(toRemove, options);
}
// See if sorting is needed, update `length` and splice in new models.
var orderChanged = false;
var replace = !sortable && add && remove;
if (set.length && replace) {
orderChanged = this.length !== set.length || _.some(this.models, function(m, index) {
return m !== set[index];
});
this.models.length = 0;
splice(this.models, set, 0);
this.length = this.models.length;
} else if (toAdd.length) {
if (sortable) sort = true;
splice(this.models, toAdd, at == null ? this.length : at);
this.length = this.models.length;
}
// Silently sort the collection if appropriate.
if (sort) this.sort({silent: true});
// Unless silenced, it's time to fire all appropriate add/sort/update events.
if (!options.silent) {
for (i = 0; i < toAdd.length; i++) {
if (at != null) options.index = at + i;
model = toAdd[i];
model.trigger('add', model, this, options);
}
if (sort || orderChanged) this.trigger('sort', this, options);
if (toAdd.length || toRemove.length || toMerge.length) {
options.changes = {
added: toAdd,
removed: toRemove,
merged: toMerge
};
this.trigger('update', this, options);
}
}
// Return the added (or merged) model (or models).
return singular ? models[0] : models;
},
// When you have more items than you want to add or remove individually,
// you can reset the entire set with a new list of models, without firing
// any granular `add` or `remove` events. Fires `reset` when finished.
// Useful for bulk operations and optimizations.
reset: function(models, options) {
options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
for (var i = 0; i < this.models.length; i++) {
this._removeReference(this.models[i], options);
}
options.previousModels = this.models;
this._reset();
models = this.add(models, _.extend({silent: true}, options));
if (!options.silent) this.trigger('reset', this, options);
return models;
},
// Add a model to the end of the collection.
push: function(model, options) {
return this.add(model, _.extend({at: this.length}, options));
},
// Remove a model from the end of the collection.
pop: function(options) {
var model = this.at(this.length - 1);
return this.remove(model, options);
},
// Add a model to the beginning of the collection.
unshift: function(model, options) {
return this.add(model, _.extend({at: 0}, options));
},
// Remove a model from the beginning of the collection.
shift: function(options) {
var model = this.at(0);
return this.remove(model, options);
},
// Slice out a sub-array of models from the collection.
slice: function() {
return slice.apply(this.models, arguments);
},
// Get a model from the set by id, cid, model object with id or cid
// properties, or an attributes object that is transformed through modelId.
get: function(obj) {
if (obj == null) return void 0;
return this._byId[obj] ||
this._byId[this.modelId(this._isModel(obj) ? obj.attributes : obj, obj.idAttribute)] ||
obj.cid && this._byId[obj.cid];
},
// Returns `true` if the model is in the collection.
has: function(obj) {
return this.get(obj) != null;
},
// Get the model at the given index.
at: function(index) {
if (index < 0) index += this.length;
return this.models[index];
},
// Return models with matching attributes. Useful for simple cases of
// `filter`.
where: function(attrs, first) {
return this[first ? 'find' : 'filter'](attrs);
},
// Return the first model with matching attributes. Useful for simple cases
// of `find`.
findWhere: function(attrs) {
return this.where(attrs, true);
},
// Force the collection to re-sort itself. You don't need to call this under
// normal circumstances, as the set will maintain sort order as each item
// is added.
sort: function(options) {
var comparator = this.comparator;
if (!comparator) throw new Error('Cannot sort a set without a comparator');
options || (options = {});
var length = comparator.length;
if (_.isFunction(comparator)) comparator = comparator.bind(this);
// Run sort based on type of `comparator`.
if (length === 1 || _.isString(comparator)) {
this.models = this.sortBy(comparator);
} else {
this.models.sort(comparator);
}
if (!options.silent) this.trigger('sort', this, options);
return this;
},
// Pluck an attribute from each model in the collection.
pluck: function(attr) {
return this.map(attr + '');
},
// Fetch the default set of models for this collection, resetting the
// collection when they arrive. If `reset: true` is passed, the response
// data will be passed through the `reset` method instead of `set`.
fetch: function(options) {
options = _.extend({parse: true}, options);
var success = options.success;
var collection = this;
options.success = function(resp) {
var method = options.reset ? 'reset' : 'set';
collection[method](resp, options);
if (success) success.call(options.context, collection, resp, options);
collection.trigger('sync', collection, resp, options);
};
wrapError(this, options);
return this.sync('read', this, options);
},
// Create a new instance of a model in this collection. Add the model to the
// collection immediately, unless `wait: true` is passed, in which case we
// wait for the server to agree.
create: function(model, options) {
options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
var wait = options.wait;
model = this._prepareModel(model, options);
if (!model) return false;
if (!wait) this.add(model, options);
var collection = this;
var success = options.success;
options.success = function(m, resp, callbackOpts) {
if (wait) {
m.off('error', this._forwardPristineError, this);
collection.add(m, callbackOpts);
}
if (success) success.call(callbackOpts.context, m, resp, callbackOpts);
};
// In case of wait:true, our collection is not listening to any
// of the model's events yet, so it will not forward the error
// event. In this special case, we need to listen for it
// separately and handle the event just once.
// (The reason we don't need to do this for the sync event is
// in the success handler above: we add the model first, which
// causes the collection to listen, and then invoke the callback
// that triggers the event.)
if (wait) {
model.once('error', this._forwardPristineError, this);
}
model.save(null, options);
return model;
},
// **parse** converts a response into a list of models to be added to the
// collection. The default implementation is just to pass it through.
parse: function(resp, options) {
return resp;
},
// Create a new collection with an identical list of models as this one.
clone: function() {
return new this.constructor(this.models, {
model: this.model,
comparator: this.comparator
});
},
// Define how to uniquely identify models in the collection.
modelId: function(attrs, idAttribute) {
return attrs[idAttribute || this.model.prototype.idAttribute || 'id'];
},
// Get an iterator of all models in this collection.
values: function() {
return new CollectionIterator(this, ITERATOR_VALUES);
},
// Get an iterator of all model IDs in this collection.
keys: function() {
return new CollectionIterator(this, ITERATOR_KEYS);
},
// Get an iterator of all [ID, model] tuples in this collection.
entries: function() {
return new CollectionIterator(this, ITERATOR_KEYSVALUES);
},
// Private method to reset all internal state. Called when the collection
// is first initialized or reset.
_reset: function() {
this.length = 0;
this.models = [];
this._byId = {};
},
// Prepare a hash of attributes (or other model) to be added to this
// collection.
_prepareModel: function(attrs, options) {
if (this._isModel(attrs)) {
if (!attrs.collection) attrs.collection = this;
return attrs;
}
options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
options.collection = this;
var model;
if (this.model.prototype) {
model = new this.model(attrs, options);
} else {
// ES class methods didn't have prototype
model = this.model(attrs, options);
}
if (!model.validationError) return model;
this.trigger('invalid', this, model.validationError, options);
return false;
},
// Internal method called by both remove and set.
_removeModels: function(models, options) {
var removed = [];
for (var i = 0; i < models.length; i++) {
var model = this.get(models[i]);
if (!model) continue;
var index = this.indexOf(model);
this.models.splice(index, 1);
this.length--;
// Remove references before triggering 'remove' event to prevent an
// infinite loop. #3693
delete this._byId[model.cid];
var id = this.modelId(model.attributes, model.idAttribute);
if (id != null) delete this._byId[id];
if (!options.silent) {
options.index = index;
model.trigger('remove', model, this, options);
}
removed.push(model);
this._removeReference(model, options);
}
if (models.length > 0 && !options.silent) delete options.index;
return removed;
},
// Method for checking whether an object should be considered a model for
// the purposes of adding to the collection.
_isModel: function(model) {
return model instanceof Model;
},
// Internal method to create a model's ties to a collection.
_addReference: function(model, options) {
this._byId[model.cid] = model;
var id = this.modelId(model.attributes, model.idAttribute);
if (id != null) this._byId[id] = model;
model.on('all', this._onModelEvent, this);
},
// Internal method to sever a model's ties to a collection.
_removeReference: function(model, options) {
delete this._byId[model.cid];
var id = this.modelId(model.attributes, model.idAttribute);
if (id != null) delete this._byId[id];
if (this === model.collection) delete model.collection;
model.off('all', this._onModelEvent, this);
},
// Internal method called every time a model in the set fires an event.
// Sets need to update their indexes when models change ids. All other
// events simply proxy through. "add" and "remove" events that originate
// in other collections are ignored.
_onModelEvent: function(event, model, collection, options) {
if (model) {
if ((event === 'add' || event === 'remove') && collection !== this) return;
if (event === 'destroy') this.remove(model, options);
if (event === 'changeId') {
var prevId = this.modelId(model.previousAttributes(), model.idAttribute);
var id = this.modelId(model.attributes, model.idAttribute);
if (prevId != null) delete this._byId[prevId];
if (id != null) this._byId[id] = model;
}
}
this.trigger.apply(this, arguments);
},
// Internal callback method used in `create`. It serves as a
// stand-in for the `_onModelEvent` method, which is not yet bound
// during the `wait` period of the `create` call. We still want to
// forward any `'error'` event at the end of the `wait` period,
// hence a customized callback.
_forwardPristineError: function(model, collection, options) {
// Prevent double forward if the model was already in the
// collection before the call to `create`.
if (this.has(model)) return;
this._onModelEvent('error', model, collection, options);
}
});
// Defining an @@iterator method implements JavaScript's Iterable protocol.
// In modern ES2015 browsers, this value is found at Symbol.iterator.
/* global Symbol */
var $$iterator = typeof Symbol === 'function' && Symbol.iterator;
if ($$iterator) {
Collection.prototype[$$iterator] = Collection.prototype.values;
}
// CollectionIterator
// ------------------
// A CollectionIterator implements JavaScript's Iterator protocol, allowing the
// use of `for of` loops in modern browsers and interoperation between
// Backbone.Collection and other JavaScript functions and third-party libraries
// which can operate on Iterables.
var CollectionIterator = function(collection, kind) {
this._collection = collection;
this._kind = kind;
this._index = 0;
};
// This "enum" defines the three possible kinds of values which can be emitted
// by a CollectionIterator that correspond to the values(), keys() and entries()
// methods on Collection, respectively.
var ITERATOR_VALUES = 1;
var ITERATOR_KEYS = 2;
var ITERATOR_KEYSVALUES = 3;
// All Iterators should themselves be Iterable.
if ($$iterator) {
CollectionIterator.prototype[$$iterator] = function() {
return this;
};
}
CollectionIterator.prototype.next = function() {
if (this._collection) {
// Only continue iterating if the iterated collection is long enough.
if (this._index < this._collection.length) {
var model = this._collection.at(this._index);
this._index++;
// Construct a value depending on what kind of values should be iterated.
var value;
if (this._kind === ITERATOR_VALUES) {
value = model;
} else {
var id = this._collection.modelId(model.attributes, model.idAttribute);
if (this._kind === ITERATOR_KEYS) {
value = id;
} else { // ITERATOR_KEYSVALUES
value = [id, model];
}
}
return {value: value, done: false};
}
// Once exhausted, remove the reference to the collection so future
// calls to the next method always return done.
this._collection = void 0;
}
return {value: void 0, done: true};
};
// Backbone.View
// -------------
// Backbone Views are almost more convention than they are actual code. A View
// is simply a JavaScript object that represents a logical chunk of UI in the
// DOM. This might be a single item, an entire list, a sidebar or panel, or
// even the surrounding frame which wraps your whole app. Defining a chunk of
// UI as a **View** allows you to define your DOM events declaratively, without
// having to worry about render order ... and makes it easy for the view to
// react to specific changes in the state of your models.
// Creating a Backbone.View creates its initial element outside of the DOM,
// if an existing element is not provided...
var View = Backbone.View = function(options) {
this.cid = _.uniqueId('view');
this.preinitialize.apply(this, arguments);
_.extend(this, _.pick(options, viewOptions));
this._ensureElement();
this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
};
// Cached regex to split keys for `delegate`.
var delegateEventSplitter = /^(\S+)\s*(.*)$/;
// List of view options to be set as properties.
var viewOptions = ['model', 'collection', 'el', 'id', 'attributes', 'className', 'tagName', 'events'];
// Set up all inheritable **Backbone.View** properties and methods.
_.extend(View.prototype, Events, {
// The default `tagName` of a View's element is `"div"`.
tagName: 'div',
// jQuery delegate for element lookup, scoped to DOM elements within the
// current view. This should be preferred to global lookups where possible.
$: function(selector) {
return this.$el.find(selector);
},
// preinitialize is an empty function by default. You can override it with a function
// or object. preinitialize will run before any instantiation logic is run in the View
preinitialize: function(){},
// Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
// initialization logic.
initialize: function(){},
// **render** is the core function that your view should override, in order
// to populate its element (`this.el`), with the appropriate HTML. The
// convention is for **render** to always return `this`.
render: function() {
return this;
},
// Remove this view by taking the element out of the DOM, and removing any
// applicable Backbone.Events listeners.
remove: function() {
this._removeElement();
this.stopListening();
return this;
},
// Remove this view's element from the document and all event listeners
// attached to it. Exposed for subclasses using an alternative DOM
// manipulation API.
_removeElement: function() {
this.$el.remove();
},
// Change the view's element (`this.el` property) and re-delegate the
// view's events on the new element.
setElement: function(element) {
this.undelegateEvents();
this._setElement(element);
this.delegateEvents();
return this;
},
// Creates the `this.el` and `this.$el` references for this view using the
// given `el`. `el` can be a CSS selector or an HTML string, a jQuery
// context or an element. Subclasses can override this to utilize an
// alternative DOM manipulation API and are only required to set the
// `this.el` property.
_setElement: function(el) {
this.$el = el instanceof Backbone.$ ? el : Backbone.$(el);
this.el = this.$el[0];
},
// Set callbacks, where `this.events` is a hash of
//
// *{"event selector": "callback"}*
//
// {
// 'mousedown .title': 'edit',
// 'click .button': 'save',
// 'click .open': function(e) { ... }
// }
//
// pairs. Callbacks will be bound to the view, with `this` set properly.
// Uses event delegation for efficiency.
// Omitting the selector binds the event to `this.el`.
delegateEvents: function(events) {
events || (events = _.result(this, 'events'));
if (!events) return this;
this.undelegateEvents();
for (var key in events) {
var method = events[key];
if (!_.isFunction(method)) method = this[method];
if (!method) continue;
var match = key.match(delegateEventSplitter);
this.delegate(match[1], match[2], method.bind(this));
}
return this;
},
// Add a single event listener to the view's element (or a child element
// using `selector`). This only works for delegate-able events: not `focus`,
// `blur`, and not `change`, `submit`, and `reset` in Internet Explorer.
delegate: function(eventName, selector, listener) {
this.$el.on(eventName + '.delegateEvents' + this.cid, selector, listener);
return this;
},
// Clears all callbacks previously bound to the view by `delegateEvents`.
// You usually don't need to use this, but may wish to if you have multiple
// Backbone views attached to the same DOM element.
undelegateEvents: function() {
if (this.$el) this.$el.off('.delegateEvents' + this.cid);
return this;
},
// A finer-grained `undelegateEvents` for removing a single delegated event.
// `selector` and `listener` are both optional.
undelegate: function(eventName, selector, listener) {
this.$el.off(eventName + '.delegateEvents' + this.cid, selector, listener);
return this;
},
// Produces a DOM element to be assigned to your view. Exposed for
// subclasses using an alternative DOM manipulation API.
_createElement: function(tagName) {
return document.createElement(tagName);
},
// Ensure that the View has a DOM element to render into.
// If `this.el` is a string, pass it through `$()`, take the first
// matching element, and re-assign it to `el`. Otherwise, create
// an element from the `id`, `className` and `tagName` properties.
_ensureElement: function() {
if (!this.el) {
var attrs = _.extend({}, _.result(this, 'attributes'));
if (this.id) attrs.id = _.result(this, 'id');
if (this.className) attrs['class'] = _.result(this, 'className');
this.setElement(this._createElement(_.result(this, 'tagName')));
this._setAttributes(attrs);
} else {
this.setElement(_.result(this, 'el'));
}
},
// Set attributes from a hash on this view's element. Exposed for
// subclasses using an alternative DOM manipulation API.
_setAttributes: function(attributes) {
this.$el.attr(attributes);
}
});
// Proxy Backbone class methods to Underscore functions, wrapping the model's
// `attributes` object or collection's `models` array behind the scenes.
//
// collection.filter(function(model) { return model.get('age') > 10 });
// collection.each(this.addView);
//
// `Function#apply` can be slow so we use the method's arg count, if we know it.
var addMethod = function(base, length, method, attribute) {
switch (length) {
case 1: return function() {
return base[method](this[attribute]);
};
case 2: return function(value) {
return base[method](this[attribute], value);
};
case 3: return function(iteratee, context) {
return base[method](this[attribute], cb(iteratee, this), context);
};
case 4: return function(iteratee, defaultVal, context) {
return base[method](this[attribute], cb(iteratee, this), defaultVal, context);
};
default: return function() {
var args = slice.call(arguments);
args.unshift(this[attribute]);
return base[method].apply(base, args);
};
}
};
var addUnderscoreMethods = function(Class, base, methods, attribute) {
_.each(methods, function(length, method) {
if (base[method]) Class.prototype[method] = addMethod(base, length, method, attribute);
});
};
// Support `collection.sortBy('attr')` and `collection.findWhere({id: 1})`.
var cb = function(iteratee, instance) {
if (_.isFunction(iteratee)) return iteratee;
if (_.isObject(iteratee) && !instance._isModel(iteratee)) return modelMatcher(iteratee);
if (_.isString(iteratee)) return function(model) { return model.get(iteratee); };
return iteratee;
};
var modelMatcher = function(attrs) {
var matcher = _.matches(attrs);
return function(model) {
return matcher(model.attributes);
};
};
// Underscore methods that we want to implement on the Collection.
// 90% of the core usefulness of Backbone Collections is actually implemented
// right here:
var collectionMethods = {forEach: 3, each: 3, map: 3, collect: 3, reduce: 0,
foldl: 0, inject: 0, reduceRight: 0, foldr: 0, find: 3, detect: 3, filter: 3,
select: 3, reject: 3, every: 3, all: 3, some: 3, any: 3, include: 3, includes: 3,
contains: 3, invoke: 0, max: 3, min: 3, toArray: 1, size: 1, first: 3,
head: 3, take: 3, initial: 3, rest: 3, tail: 3, drop: 3, last: 3,
without: 0, difference: 0, indexOf: 3, shuffle: 1, lastIndexOf: 3,
isEmpty: 1, chain: 1, sample: 3, partition: 3, groupBy: 3, countBy: 3,
sortBy: 3, indexBy: 3, findIndex: 3, findLastIndex: 3};
// Underscore methods that we want to implement on the Model, mapped to the
// number of arguments they take.
var modelMethods = {keys: 1, values: 1, pairs: 1, invert: 1, pick: 0,
omit: 0, chain: 1, isEmpty: 1};
// Mix in each Underscore method as a proxy to `Collection#models`.
_.each([
[Collection, collectionMethods, 'models'],
[Model, modelMethods, 'attributes']
], function(config) {
var Base = config[0],
methods = config[1],
attribute = config[2];
Base.mixin = function(obj) {
var mappings = _.reduce(_.functions(obj), function(memo, name) {
memo[name] = 0;
return memo;
}, {});
addUnderscoreMethods(Base, obj, mappings, attribute);
};
addUnderscoreMethods(Base, _, methods, attribute);
});
// Backbone.sync
// -------------
// Override this function to change the manner in which Backbone persists
// models to the server. You will be passed the type of request, and the
// model in question. By default, makes a RESTful Ajax request
// to the model's `url()`. Some possible customizations could be:
//
// * Use `setTimeout` to batch rapid-fire updates into a single request.
// * Send up the models as XML instead of JSON.
// * Persist models via WebSockets instead of Ajax.
//
// Turn on `Backbone.emulateHTTP` in order to send `PUT` and `DELETE` requests
// as `POST`, with a `_method` parameter containing the true HTTP method,
// as well as all requests with the body as `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`
// instead of `application/json` with the model in a param named `model`.
// Useful when interfacing with server-side languages like **PHP** that make
// it difficult to read the body of `PUT` requests.
Backbone.sync = function(method, model, options) {
var type = methodMap[method];
// Default options, unless specified.
_.defaults(options || (options = {}), {
emulateHTTP: Backbone.emulateHTTP,
emulateJSON: Backbone.emulateJSON
});
// Default JSON-request options.
var params = {type: type, dataType: 'json'};
// Ensure that we have a URL.
if (!options.url) {
params.url = _.result(model, 'url') || urlError();
}
// Ensure that we have the appropriate request data.
if (options.data == null && model && (method === 'create' || method === 'update' || method === 'patch')) {
params.contentType = 'application/json';
params.data = JSON.stringify(options.attrs || model.toJSON(options));
}
// For older servers, emulate JSON by encoding the request into an HTML-form.
if (options.emulateJSON) {
params.contentType = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded';
params.data = params.data ? {model: params.data} : {};
}
// For older servers, emulate HTTP by mimicking the HTTP method with `_method`
// And an `X-HTTP-Method-Override` header.
if (options.emulateHTTP && (type === 'PUT' || type === 'DELETE' || type === 'PATCH')) {
params.type = 'POST';
if (options.emulateJSON) params.data._method = type;
var beforeSend = options.beforeSend;
options.beforeSend = function(xhr) {
xhr.setRequestHeader('X-HTTP-Method-Override', type);
if (beforeSend) return beforeSend.apply(this, arguments);
};
}
// Don't process data on a non-GET request.
if (params.type !== 'GET' && !options.emulateJSON) {
params.processData = false;
}
// Pass along `textStatus` and `errorThrown` from jQuery.
var error = options.error;
options.error = function(xhr, textStatus, errorThrown) {
options.textStatus = textStatus;
options.errorThrown = errorThrown;
if (error) error.call(options.context, xhr, textStatus, errorThrown);
};
// Make the request, allowing the user to override any Ajax options.
var xhr = options.xhr = Backbone.ajax(_.extend(params, options));
model.trigger('request', model, xhr, options);
return xhr;
};
// Map from CRUD to HTTP for our default `Backbone.sync` implementation.
var methodMap = {
'create': 'POST',
'update': 'PUT',
'patch': 'PATCH',
'delete': 'DELETE',
'read': 'GET'
};
// Set the default implementation of `Backbone.ajax` to proxy through to `$`.
// Override this if you'd like to use a different library.
Backbone.ajax = function() {
return Backbone.$.ajax.apply(Backbone.$, arguments);
};
// Backbone.Router
// ---------------
// Routers map faux-URLs to actions, and fire events when routes are
// matched. Creating a new one sets its `routes` hash, if not set statically.
var Router = Backbone.Router = function(options) {
options || (options = {});
this.preinitialize.apply(this, arguments);
if (options.routes) this.routes = options.routes;
this._bindRoutes();
this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
};
// Cached regular expressions for matching named param parts and splatted
// parts of route strings.
var optionalParam = /\((.*?)\)/g;
var namedParam = /(\(\?)?:\w+/g;
var splatParam = /\*\w+/g;
var escapeRegExp = /[\-{}\[\]+?.,\\\^$|#\s]/g;
// Set up all inheritable **Backbone.Router** properties and methods.
_.extend(Router.prototype, Events, {
// preinitialize is an empty function by default. You can override it with a function
// or object. preinitialize will run before any instantiation logic is run in the Router.
preinitialize: function(){},
// Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
// initialization logic.
initialize: function(){},
// Manually bind a single named route to a callback. For example:
//
// this.route('search/:query/p:num', 'search', function(query, num) {
// ...
// });
//
route: function(route, name, callback) {
if (!_.isRegExp(route)) route = this._routeToRegExp(route);
if (_.isFunction(name)) {
callback = name;
name = '';
}
if (!callback) callback = this[name];
var router = this;
Backbone.history.route(route, function(fragment) {
var args = router._extractParameters(route, fragment);
if (router.execute(callback, args, name) !== false) {
router.trigger.apply(router, ['route:' + name].concat(args));
router.trigger('route', name, args);
Backbone.history.trigger('route', router, name, args);
}
});
return this;
},
// Execute a route handler with the provided parameters. This is an
// excellent place to do pre-route setup or post-route cleanup.
execute: function(callback, args, name) {
if (callback) callback.apply(this, args);
},
// Simple proxy to `Backbone.history` to save a fragment into the history.
navigate: function(fragment, options) {
Backbone.history.navigate(fragment, options);
return this;
},
// Bind all defined routes to `Backbone.history`. We have to reverse the
// order of the routes here to support behavior where the most general
// routes can be defined at the bottom of the route map.
_bindRoutes: function() {
if (!this.routes) return;
this.routes = _.result(this, 'routes');
var route, routes = _.keys(this.routes);
while ((route = routes.pop()) != null) {
this.route(route, this.routes[route]);
}
},
// Convert a route string into a regular expression, suitable for matching
// against the current location hash.
_routeToRegExp: function(route) {
route = route.replace(escapeRegExp, '\\$&')
.replace(optionalParam, '(?:$1)?')
.replace(namedParam, function(match, optional) {
return optional ? match : '([^/?]+)';
})
.replace(splatParam, '([^?]*?)');
return new RegExp('^' + route + '(?:\\?([\\s\\S]*))?$');
},
// Given a route, and a URL fragment that it matches, return the array of
// extracted decoded parameters. Empty or unmatched parameters will be
// treated as `null` to normalize cross-browser behavior.
_extractParameters: function(route, fragment) {
var params = route.exec(fragment).slice(1);
return _.map(params, function(param, i) {
// Don't decode the search params.
if (i === params.length - 1) return param || null;
return param ? decodeURIComponent(param) : null;
});
}
});
// Backbone.History
// ----------------
// Handles cross-browser history management, based on either
// [pushState](http://diveintohtml5.info/history.html) and real URLs, or
// [onhashchange](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/DOM/window.onhashchange)
// and URL fragments. If the browser supports neither (old IE, natch),
// falls back to polling.
var History = Backbone.History = function() {
this.handlers = [];
this.checkUrl = this.checkUrl.bind(this);
// Ensure that `History` can be used outside of the browser.
if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {
this.location = window.location;
this.history = window.history;
}
};
// Cached regex for stripping a leading hash/slash and trailing space.
var routeStripper = /^[#\/]|\s+$/g;
// Cached regex for stripping leading and trailing slashes.
var rootStripper = /^\/+|\/+$/g;
// Cached regex for stripping urls of hash.
var pathStripper = /#.*$/;
// Has the history handling already been started?
History.started = false;
// Set up all inheritable **Backbone.History** properties and methods.
_.extend(History.prototype, Events, {
// The default interval to poll for hash changes, if necessary, is
// twenty times a second.
interval: 50,
// Are we at the app root?
atRoot: function() {
var path = this.location.pathname.replace(/[^\/]$/, '$&/');
return path === this.root && !this.getSearch();
},
// Does the pathname match the root?
matchRoot: function() {
var path = this.decodeFragment(this.location.pathname);
var rootPath = path.slice(0, this.root.length - 1) + '/';
return rootPath === this.root;
},
// Unicode characters in `location.pathname` are percent encoded so they're
// decoded for comparison. `%25` should not be decoded since it may be part
// of an encoded parameter.
decodeFragment: function(fragment) {
return decodeURI(fragment.replace(/%25/g, '%2525'));
},
// In IE6, the hash fragment and search params are incorrect if the
// fragment contains `?`.
getSearch: function() {
var match = this.location.href.replace(/#.*/, '').match(/\?.+/);
return match ? match[0] : '';
},
// Gets the true hash value. Cannot use location.hash directly due to bug
// in Firefox where location.hash will always be decoded.
getHash: function(window) {
var match = (window || this).location.href.match(/#(.*)$/);
return match ? match[1] : '';
},
// Get the pathname and search params, without the root.
getPath: function() {
var path = this.decodeFragment(
this.location.pathname + this.getSearch()
).slice(this.root.length - 1);
return path.charAt(0) === '/' ? path.slice(1) : path;
},
// Get the cross-browser normalized URL fragment from the path or hash.
getFragment: function(fragment) {
if (fragment == null) {
if (this._usePushState || !this._wantsHashChange) {
fragment = this.getPath();
} else {
fragment = this.getHash();
}
}
return fragment.replace(routeStripper, '');
},
// Start the hash change handling, returning `true` if the current URL matches
// an existing route, and `false` otherwise.
start: function(options) {
if (History.started) throw new Error('Backbone.history has already been started');
History.started = true;
// Figure out the initial configuration. Do we need an iframe?
// Is pushState desired ... is it available?
this.options = _.extend({root: '/'}, this.options, options);
this.root = this.options.root;
this._trailingSlash = this.options.trailingSlash;
this._wantsHashChange = this.options.hashChange !== false;
this._hasHashChange = 'onhashchange' in window && (document.documentMode === void 0 || document.documentMode > 7);
this._useHashChange = this._wantsHashChange && this._hasHashChange;
this._wantsPushState = !!this.options.pushState;
this._hasPushState = !!(this.history && this.history.pushState);
this._usePushState = this._wantsPushState && this._hasPushState;
this.fragment = this.getFragment();
// Normalize root to always include a leading and trailing slash.
this.root = ('/' + this.root + '/').replace(rootStripper, '/');
// Transition from hashChange to pushState or vice versa if both are
// requested.
if (this._wantsHashChange && this._wantsPushState) {
// If we've started off with a route from a `pushState`-enabled
// browser, but we're currently in a browser that doesn't support it...
if (!this._hasPushState && !this.atRoot()) {
var rootPath = this.root.slice(0, -1) || '/';
this.location.replace(rootPath + '#' + this.getPath());
// Return immediately as browser will do redirect to new url
return true;
// Or if we've started out with a hash-based route, but we're currently
// in a browser where it could be `pushState`-based instead...
} else if (this._hasPushState && this.atRoot()) {
this.navigate(this.getHash(), {replace: true});
}
}
// Proxy an iframe to handle location events if the browser doesn't
// support the `hashchange` event, HTML5 history, or the user wants
// `hashChange` but not `pushState`.
if (!this._hasHashChange && this._wantsHashChange && !this._usePushState) {
this.iframe = document.createElement('iframe');
this.iframe.src = 'javascript:0';
this.iframe.style.display = 'none';
this.iframe.tabIndex = -1;
var body = document.body;
// Using `appendChild` will throw on IE < 9 if the document is not ready.
var iWindow = body.insertBefore(this.iframe, body.firstChild).contentWindow;
iWindow.document.open();
iWindow.document.close();
iWindow.location.hash = '#' + this.fragment;
}
// Add a cross-platform `addEventListener` shim for older browsers.
var addEventListener = window.addEventListener || function(eventName, listener) {
return attachEvent('on' + eventName, listener);
};
// Depending on whether we're using pushState or hashes, and whether
// 'onhashchange' is supported, determine how we check the URL state.
if (this._usePushState) {
addEventListener('popstate', this.checkUrl, false);
} else if (this._useHashChange && !this.iframe) {
addEventListener('hashchange', this.checkUrl, false);
} else if (this._wantsHashChange) {
this._checkUrlInterval = setInterval(this.checkUrl, this.interval);
}
if (!this.options.silent) return this.loadUrl();
},
// Disable Backbone.history, perhaps temporarily. Not useful in a real app,
// but possibly useful for unit testing Routers.
stop: function() {
// Add a cross-platform `removeEventListener` shim for older browsers.
var removeEventListener = window.removeEventListener || function(eventName, listener) {
return detachEvent('on' + eventName, listener);
};
// Remove window listeners.
if (this._usePushState) {
removeEventListener('popstate', this.checkUrl, false);
} else if (this._useHashChange && !this.iframe) {
removeEventListener('hashchange', this.checkUrl, false);
}
// Clean up the iframe if necessary.
if (this.iframe) {
document.body.removeChild(this.iframe);
this.iframe = null;
}
// Some environments will throw when clearing an undefined interval.
if (this._checkUrlInterval) clearInterval(this._checkUrlInterval);
History.started = false;
},
// Add a route to be tested when the fragment changes. Routes added later
// may override previous routes.
route: function(route, callback) {
this.handlers.unshift({route: route, callback: callback});
},
// Checks the current URL to see if it has changed, and if it has,
// calls `loadUrl`, normalizing across the hidden iframe.
checkUrl: function(e) {
var current = this.getFragment();
// If the user pressed the back button, the iframe's hash will have
// changed and we should use that for comparison.
if (current === this.fragment && this.iframe) {
current = this.getHash(this.iframe.contentWindow);
}
if (current === this.fragment) return false;
if (this.iframe) this.navigate(current);
this.loadUrl();
},
// Attempt to load the current URL fragment. If a route succeeds with a
// match, returns `true`. If no defined routes matches the fragment,
// returns `false`.
loadUrl: function(fragment) {
// If the root doesn't match, no routes can match either.
if (!this.matchRoot()) return false;
fragment = this.fragment = this.getFragment(fragment);
return _.some(this.handlers, function(handler) {
if (handler.route.test(fragment)) {
handler.callback(fragment);
return true;
}
});
},
// Save a fragment into the hash history, or replace the URL state if the
// 'replace' option is passed. You are responsible for properly URL-encoding
// the fragment in advance.
//
// The options object can contain `trigger: true` if you wish to have the
// route callback be fired (not usually desirable), or `replace: true`, if
// you wish to modify the current URL without adding an entry to the history.
navigate: function(fragment, options) {
if (!History.started) return false;
if (!options || options === true) options = {trigger: !!options};
// Normalize the fragment.
fragment = this.getFragment(fragment || '');
// Strip trailing slash on the root unless _trailingSlash is true
var rootPath = this.root;
if (!this._trailingSlash && (fragment === '' || fragment.charAt(0) === '?')) {
rootPath = rootPath.slice(0, -1) || '/';
}
var url = rootPath + fragment;
// Strip the fragment of the query and hash for matching.
fragment = fragment.replace(pathStripper, '');
// Decode for matching.
var decodedFragment = this.decodeFragment(fragment);
if (this.fragment === decodedFragment) return;
this.fragment = decodedFragment;
// If pushState is available, we use it to set the fragment as a real URL.
if (this._usePushState) {
this.history[options.replace ? 'replaceState' : 'pushState']({}, document.title, url);
// If hash changes haven't been explicitly disabled, update the hash
// fragment to store history.
} else if (this._wantsHashChange) {
this._updateHash(this.location, fragment, options.replace);
if (this.iframe && fragment !== this.getHash(this.iframe.contentWindow)) {
var iWindow = this.iframe.contentWindow;
// Opening and closing the iframe tricks IE7 and earlier to push a
// history entry on hash-tag change. When replace is true, we don't
// want this.
if (!options.replace) {
iWindow.document.open();
iWindow.document.close();
}
this._updateHash(iWindow.location, fragment, options.replace);
}
// If you've told us that you explicitly don't want fallback hashchange-
// based history, then `navigate` becomes a page refresh.
} else {
return this.location.assign(url);
}
if (options.trigger) return this.loadUrl(fragment);
},
// Update the hash location, either replacing the current entry, or adding
// a new one to the browser history.
_updateHash: function(location, fragment, replace) {
if (replace) {
var href = location.href.replace(/(javascript:|#).*$/, '');
location.replace(href + '#' + fragment);
} else {
// Some browsers require that `hash` contains a leading #.
location.hash = '#' + fragment;
}
}
});
// Create the default Backbone.history.
Backbone.history = new History;
// Helpers
// -------
// Helper function to correctly set up the prototype chain for subclasses.
// Similar to `goog.inherits`, but uses a hash of prototype properties and
// class properties to be extended.
var extend = function(protoProps, staticProps) {
var parent = this;
var child;
// The constructor function for the new subclass is either defined by you
// (the "constructor" property in your `extend` definition), or defaulted
// by us to simply call the parent constructor.
if (protoProps && _.has(protoProps, 'constructor')) {
child = protoProps.constructor;
} else {
child = function(){ return parent.apply(this, arguments); };
}
// Add static properties to the constructor function, if supplied.
_.extend(child, parent, staticProps);
// Set the prototype chain to inherit from `parent`, without calling
// `parent`'s constructor function and add the prototype properties.
child.prototype = _.create(parent.prototype, protoProps);
child.prototype.constructor = child;
// Set a convenience property in case the parent's prototype is needed
// later.
child.__super__ = parent.prototype;
return child;
};
// Set up inheritance for the model, collection, router, view and history.
Model.extend = Collection.extend = Router.extend = View.extend = History.extend = extend;
// Throw an error when a URL is needed, and none is supplied.
var urlError = function() {
throw new Error('A "url" property or function must be specified');
};
// Wrap an optional error callback with a fallback error event.
var wrapError = function(model, options) {
var error = options.error;
options.error = function(resp) {
if (error) error.call(options.context, model, resp, options);
model.trigger('error', model, resp, options);
};
};
return Backbone;
});